• Python
• Builtins

Python Built-in Functions

global built-in function:

A standalone function available at the top level

Complete List of Python Built-in Functions

Type Conversion and Casting

• int() – Converts a value to an integer.
• float() – Converts a value to a floating-point number.
• complex() – Creates a complex number.
• str() – Converts a value to a string.
• bool() – Converts a value to a Boolean.
• bytes() – Creates an immutable bytes object.
• bytearray() – Creates a mutable array of bytes.
• ord() – Converts a character to its Unicode code point.
• chr() – Converts a Unicode code point to a character.
• bin() – Converts an integer to a binary string.
• oct() – Converts an integer to an octal string.
• hex() – Converts an integer to a hexadecimal string.

Mathematical Operations

• abs() – Returns the absolute value of a number.
• divmod() – Returns both the quotient and remainder of a division.
• pow() – Raises a number to the power of another.
• round() – Rounds a number to a given number of decimal places.
• sum() – Returns the sum of elements in an iterable.
• max() – Returns the largest item in an iterable.
• min() – Returns the smallest item in an iterable.

Iterators and Loop Helpers

• iter() – Returns an iterator from an iterable.
• next() – Retrieves the next item from an iterator.
• reversed() – Returns a reversed iterator for a sequence.
• enumerate() – Returns index-value pairs for an iterable.
• zip() – Combines multiple iterables into a single iterator.
• filter() – Filters elements from an iterable using a function.
• map() – Applies a function to all elements of an iterable.

Sequence and Collection Operations

• len() – Returns the length of an object.
• list() – Creates a list.
• tuple() – Creates a tuple.
• set() – Creates a set.
• frozenset() – Creates an immutable set.
• dict() – Creates a dictionary.
• range() – Generates a sequence of numbers.
• slice() – Creates a slice object to index a sequence.
• sorted() – Returns a sorted list from an iterable.

Object Introspection and Attributes

• type() – Returns the type of an object.
• id() – Returns the unique identifier of an object.
• dir() – Lists the attributes of an object.
• hasattr() – Checks if an object has a specific attribute.
• getattr() – Retrieves the value of an attribute from an object.
• setattr() – Sets an attribute on an object.
• delattr() – Deletes an attribute from an object.
• callable() – Checks if an object is callable.
• property() – Creates a managed attribute (property).

Input and Output

• print() – Outputs data to the console.
• input() – Reads input from the user.
• open() – Opens a file for reading or writing.
• help() – Displays the help text for an object.
• ascii() – Returns a string with non-ASCII characters escaped.

Functions and Code Handling

• eval() – Evaluates a string as Python code.
• exec() – Executes a block of Python code.
• compile() – Compiles source code into a code object.
• globals() – Returns the global symbol table as a dictionary.
• locals() – Returns the local symbol table as a dictionary.
• __import__() – Dynamically imports a module.

Classes and Object Handling

• classmethod() – Converts a method to a class method.
• staticmethod() – Converts a method to a static method.
• super() – Returns the parent class of an object or class.
• object() – Returns a new featureless object.

Asynchronous Programming

• aiter() – Returns an asynchronous iterator.
• anext() – Retrieves the next item from an asynchronous iterator.

Debugging and Memory Management

• breakpoint() – Enters a debugger at the calling point.
• memoryview() – Creates a view of a memory buffer.
• vars() – Returns the __dict__ attribute of an object.

Logical and Object-Related Functions

• all() – Returns True if all elements in an iterable are true (or if the iterable is empty).
• any() – Returns True if any element in an iterable is true; returns False if the iterable is empty or all elements are false.
• format() – Returns a formatted string according to the specified format.
• hash() – Returns the hash value of an object (used for quick comparisons, especially in dictionaries).
• isinstance() – Checks if an object is an instance of a specified class or tuple of classes.
• issubclass() – Checks if a class is a subclass of another class or tuple of classes.
• repr() – Returns a string representation of an object that can ideally be used to recreate the object.